2324铝合金均匀化工艺研究Homogenization Process of 2324 Aluminum Alloy
高卫红,付金来,李婷,丛福官,孙克强,孙斌,傅宇东
摘要(Abstract):
铝合金在铸造过程中会产生枝晶偏析,导致合金元素在基体中分布不均匀,并且大块的共晶相使合金的力学性能下降。均匀化热处理是一种有效制备均匀微观组织的方法,同时能够改善成分偏析。本文以2324铝合金铸锭为研究对象,利用场发射扫描电镜(SEM)、 X射线衍射(XRD)研究了不同均匀化温度(480和490℃)与时间(12, 16, 20和24 h)对微观组织的影响规律。通过Jmatpro模拟系统,探究了元素扩散规律与动力学过程。结果表明:铸态组织存在严重的偏析现象,晶界处存在大量粗大的共晶相,其中白色相为θ相(Al_2Cu),黑色相为S相(Al_2CuMg)。随着均匀化温度升高,S相与θ相等偏析相回溶速度越快。相比Cu元素,Mg元素在枝晶处扩散速度快,因此率先完成扩散。在490℃,20 h热处理工艺下,第二相固溶,此时合金为α-Al相。因此,对于2324铝合金,适合于工业生产的较优均匀化制度为490℃+20 h。
关键词(KeyWords): 铝合金;枝晶偏析;均匀化处理;动力学
基金项目(Foundation): 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB2001904);; 中央大学基金项目(3072021CFT1009);; 黑龙江省“百千万”工程科技重大专项(2019ZX10A01);; 黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2021E029)资助
作者(Author): 高卫红,付金来,李婷,丛福官,孙克强,孙斌,傅宇东
DOI: 10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY23030022
参考文献(References):
- [1]Kumar N M S, Dhruthi, Pramod G, Samrat P,Sadashiva M. A critical review on heat treatment of aluminium alloys[J]. Materials Today:Proceedings,2022. doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.586.
- [2]Wang Z X, Li M Y, Han Q H, Yun X, Zhou K, Gardner L,Mazzolani F M. Structural fire behaviour of aluminium alloy structures:review and outlook[J]. Engineering Structures, 2022, 268:114746.
- [3]Zhang P, Liu J L, Gao Y R, Liu Z H, Mai Q Q. Effect of heat treatment process on the micro machinability of 7075aluminum alloy[J]. Vacuum, 2023, 207:111574.
- [4]Liu X T, Dong J, Cui J Z, Zhao G. Homogenization heat treatment of high-strength aluminum alloys[J]. Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2003, 13(4):909.(刘晓涛,董杰,崔建忠,赵刚.高强铝合金均匀化热处理[J].中国有色金属学报,2003, 13(4):909.)
- [5]Zhong B, Hou S B, Yu Z Y, Xie J H, Zhang C W,Ding C. Influence of ultrasonic vibration on expansion forming process and quality for 6061 aluminum alloy tube[J]. Forging&Stamping Technology, 2025, 50(4):56.(钟斌,侯尚步,于正洋,谢佳昊,张传伟,丁春.超声振动对6061铝合金管材扩口成形过程及质量的影响[J].锻压技术,2025, 50(4):56.)
- [6]Wang D, Zhang W X, Huang S Q, Yi Y P, He H L.Effect of three-dimensional deformation at different temperatures on microstructure, strength, fracture toughness and corrosion resistance of 7A85 aluminum alloy[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2022, 928:167200.
- [7]Wang Y W, Hou L G, Su H, Tian Q K, Yu K C, Eskin D,Katgerman L, Zhuang L Z. Tuning homogenization of high-strength aluminum alloys through thermodynamic alloying approach[J]. Materials&Design, 2022, 221:110975.
- [8]Yin J R, Chen J H, Cheng X X, Qiu Q Q, Wang W X,Weng Y Y. Micro-structure of Al-Cu alloys for automobile engines with multistage solution treatment and Sc microalloying[J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2025, 49(3):342.(殷嘉蓉,陈家浩,程翔翔,邱铨强,王文鑫,翁瑶瑶.多级固溶处理及Sc微合金化对汽车发动机用Al-Cu合金微观结构的影响[J].稀有金属,2025, 49(3):342.)
- [9]Lu W H, Wu X C, Yang N P, Wei Z Y, Huang Y L,Xu Z B, Tang H Q, Wang Y B, Jiang A K, Wang J S.Melt purification treatment, as-cast microstructure and mechanical properties of 6111 aluminum alloy with rareearth composite flux[J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals,2025, 49(8):1169.(陆维鸿,吴晓聪,杨南鹏,韦泽羽,黄杨林,许征兵,汤宏群,王友彬,蒋奥克,王俊升.稀土复合熔剂对6111铝合金熔体净化处理及其铸态组织与力学性能的影响[J].稀有金属,2025, 49(8):1169.)
- [10]Shan Z J, Liu S D, Ye L Y, Liu X D, Dong Y, Li Y R,Tang J G, Deng Y L, Zhang X M. Effect of three-stage homogenization on recrystallization and fatigue crack growth of 7020 aluminum alloy[J]. Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2020, 9(6):13216.
- [11]Liu C, Luo B H, Wang C, Yang L. Study on the homogenization heat treatment of 2024 aluminum alloy[J]. Aluminum Processing, 2010,(4):8.(刘成,罗兵辉,王聪,杨磊. 2024铝合金的均匀化热处理研究[J].铝加工,2010,(4):8.)
- [12]Gupta A K, Gaunt P, Chaturvedi M C. The crystallography and morphology of the S'-phase precipitate in an Al(CuMg)alloy[J]. Philosophical Magazine A,1987, 55(3):375.
- [13]Li Z S, Pan F S, Wu H L, Chen Y R. Effect of homogenization treatment on the structure and properties of 7A55 aluminum alloy[J]. Journal of Aerospace Materials, 2011, 31(2):13.(李忠盛,潘复生,吴护林,陈韵如.均匀化处理对7A55铝合金组织与性能的影响[J].航空材料学报,2011, 31(2):13.)
- [14]Liu J D, Cao Z Q, Zhang H L, Li T J, Wang J C.Determination of homogenization process for 7050aluminum alloy[J]. Mechanical Engineering Materials,2009, 33(8):32.(刘吉东,曹志强,张红亮,李廷举,王家淳. 7050铝合金均匀化工艺的确定[J].机械工程材料,2009,33(8):32.)
- [15]Liu J T, Zhang Y, Liu J C, Ran F Q, Cui L. Analysis of casting microstructure and homogenization treatment of2324 aluminum alloy[J]. China High-Tech Enterprises,2016, 375(24):64.(刘俊涛,张义,刘君城,冉凡青,崔莉.浅析2324铝合金铸态组织及均匀化处理[J].中国高新技术企业,2016, 375(24):64.)
- [16]Wang S. Effect of Solution Treatment and Cold Rolling Deformation on Microstructure and Properties of Al-CuMg Alloy[D]. Harbin:Harbin University of Science and Technology, 2022. 1.(王帅.固溶处理与冷轧变形对Al-Cu-Mg合金组织与性能的影响[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨理工大学,2022. 1.)
- [17]Lin G Y, Peng D S, Wei S M, Han H Y, Zhang H. Effect of strengthened solution treatment on microstructure of7075 aluminum alloy[J]. HTM, 2002, 27(11):30.(林高用,彭大暑,魏圣明,韩红阳,张辉.强化固溶处理对7075铝合金组织的影响[J].金属热处理,2002, 27(11):30.)
- [18]Sun K Q. Research on the Microstructural Transformation and Microscopic Mechanism of 2324 Aluminum Alloy during Heat Treatment Process Optimization based on Sheet Forming Process[D]. Harbin:Harbin Engineering University, 2022. 1.(孙克强.基于板材成型过程热处理工艺优化的2324铝合金组织转变及微观机制研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工程大学,2022. 1.)