李燕,蹇美晨,高云鹤,王叶蓓,刘文林,黄越,刘易洲,霍军涛,王军强,高萌

• 1:中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所
• 2:宁波大学材料科学与化学工程学院

摘要(Abstract)：

非晶合金因其独特的无序原子堆垛结构和优异的物理化学性能备受关注，但其室温下宏观延展性差的问题严重制约了工程应用。本文聚焦主导非晶合金塑性变形的核心因素——剪切带，系统综述了非晶合金在塑性变形过程中剪切带形核动力学的研究进展，重点探讨了剪切带形核的微观起源、调控方法及其与宏观力学性能的关联性。结果表明，剪切带形核受非晶合金内在结构不均匀性的影响，形核位密度、形核速率及形核势垒是决定非晶合金塑性变形能力的关键参数。通过改变弛豫模式、微合金化、提升冷却速率、结构弛豫调控等实验手段，可有效优化剪切带形核模式，促进剪切带形核和扩展，推动非晶合金从单一剪切带主导的脆性断裂向多重剪切带协同变形的塑性变形模式转变。实验与理论结合揭示了剪切带形核动力学与β/β′弛豫、应力状态及成分设计之间的定量关系，为突破非晶合金塑性瓶颈提供了可量化、可预测的调控路径，深化了对塑性变形微观机制的理解，对于推动高性能非晶合金的理论研究与工程应用具有重要意义。

关键词(KeyWords)： 非晶合金;剪切带;形核动力学;结构不均匀性;力学性能

Abstract:

Keywords:

基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金面上项目（52471187）资助

作者(Author): 李燕,蹇美晨,高云鹤,王叶蓓,刘文林,黄越,刘易洲,霍军涛,王军强,高萌

DOI: 10.13373/j.cnki.cjrm.XY25080004

参考文献(References)：

• [1] Wang W H. The nature and properties of amorphous matter[J]. Progress in Physics, 2013, 33(5):177.（汪卫华 . 非晶态物质的本质和特性[J]. 物理学进展，2013, 33(5):177.）
• [2] Demetriou M D, Launey M E, Garrett G, Schramm J P, Hofmann D C, Johnson W L, Ritchie R O. A damage-tolerant glass[J]. Nature materials, 2011, 10(2):123.
• [3] Hou S J, Li C Y, Li C L, Zhang Q, Chen J X, Cheng Z Q. Research progress on composition design and novel preparation methods of large-size amorphous alloys[J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 2024, 48(2):240.（侯少杰， 李春燕， 李春玲， 张强， 陈佳欣， 程志强 . 大尺寸非晶合金的成分设计和新制备方法研究进展[J]. 稀有金属，2024, 48(2):240.）
• [4] Zhao J, Zhang X J, Wang S B, You Z G, Yang S S. Research progress of amorphous catalysts in water electrolysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 2025, 49(6):898.（赵 静， 张晓杰， 王树宝， 尤志国， 杨姗姗 . 非晶催化剂在电解水领域中的研究进展[J]. 稀有金属，2025, 49(6):898.）
• [5] Zheng H B, Yan M Y, An R, Zhou X F, Feng T, Lan S. Nanoscale amorphous alloys and their applications in biomedicine[J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 2023, 47(6):854.（郑航兵， 闫梦阳， 安蓉， 周雪锋， 冯 涛， 兰 司 . 纳米非晶及其在生物医学中的应用[J]. 稀有金属，2023, 47(6):854.）
• [6] Zhang S, Wang J C, Wang Z Y, Wei C, Shi Z L, Zhang H R, Ma M Z. Mechanical behavior of Zr-based amorphous alloy under quasi-static loading conditions[J]. Journal of Plasticity Engineering, 2025, 32(3):239.（张 山， 王纪琛， 王子一， 韦 超， 施志林， 张浩然， 马明臻. 准静态加载条件下Zr基非晶合金的力学行为[J]. 塑性工程学报，2025, 32(3):239.）
• [7] Zhang Y, Wang W H, Greer A L. Making metallic glasses plastic by control of residual stress[J]. Nature materials, 2006, 5(11):857.
• [8] Greer A L, Cheng Y Q, Ma E. Shear bands in metallic glasses[J]. Materials Science and Engineering:R:Reports, 2013, 74(4):71.
• [9] ??opu D, Stukowski A, Stoica M, Scudino S. Atomiclevel processes of shear band nucleation in metallic glasses[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2017, 119(19):195503.
• [10] Schuh C A, Argon A S, Nieh T G, Wadsworth J. The transition from localized to homogeneous plasticity during nanoindentation of an amorphous metal[J]. Philosophical Magazine, 2003, 83(22):2585.
• [11] Jiang M Q, Dai L H. On the origin of shear banding instability in metallic glasses[J]. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 2009, 57(8):1267.
• [12] Meyers M A, Xu Y B, Xue Q, Pérez-prado M T, Mcnelley T R. Microstructural evolution in adiabatic shear localization in stainless steel[J]. Acta Materialia, 2003, 51(5):1307.
• [13] Spaepen F. A microscopic mechanism for steady state inhomogeneous flow in metallic glasses[J]. Acta Metallurgica, 1977, 25(4):407.
• [14] Sun B A, Wang W H. The fracture of bulk metallic glasses[J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2015, 74:211.
• [15] Hirata A, Guan P, Fujita T, Hirotsu Y, Inoue A, Yavari A R, Sakurai T, Chen M. Direct observation of local atomic order in a metallic glass[J]. Nature Materials, 2011, 10(1):28.
• [16] Jin C B, Wu Y Z, Wang J N, Han F, Tan M Y, Wang F C, Xu J, Yi J, Li M C, Zhang Y, Huo J T, Wang J Q, Gao M. Nanoscale viscoelastic transition from solid-like to liquid-like enables ductile deformation in Fe-based metallic glass[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2024, 194:63.
• [17] Xu F, Liu Y Z, Sun X, Peng J F, Ding Y H, Huo J T, Wang J Q, Gao M. Percolation-like transition from nanoscale structural heterogeneities to shear bands in metallic glass detected by static force microscopy[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2023, 611:155730.
• [18] Sheng H W, Luo W K, Alamgir F M, Bai J M, Ma E. Atomic packing and short-to-medium-range order in metallic glasses[J]. Nature, 2006, 439(7075):419.
• [19] Miracle D B. A structural model for metallic glasses[J]. Nature Materials, 2004, 3(10):697.
• [20] Tarasov S, Rubtsov V, Kolubaev A. Subsurface shear instability and nanostructuring of metals in sliding[J]. Wear, 2010, 268(1):59.
• [21] Wang W H. The elastic properties, elastic models and elastic perspectives of metallic glasses[J]. Progress in Materials Science, 2012, 57(3):487.
• [22] Wang F H, Lin J H. Structural relaxation and mechanical behavior under indentation of LaAlCuNi bulk amorphous alloys after high-pressure isothermal treatment[J]. Chinese Journal of Rare Metals, 2009, 33(1):17.（王锋华， 林建国 . 高压等温处理后 LaAlCuNi 大块非晶的结构弛豫及其压痕下力学行为[J]. 稀有金属，2009, 33(1):17.）
• [23] Hofmann D C, Suh J Y, Wiest A, Duan G, Lind M L, Demetriou M D, Johnson W L. Designing metallic glass matrix composites with high toughness and tensile ductility[J]. Nature, 2008, 451(7182):1085.
• [24] Wang H, Dmowski W, Tong Y, Wang Z, Yokoyama Y, Ketkaew J, Schroers J, Egami T. Nonaffine strains control ductility of metallic glasses[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2022, 128(15):155501.
• [25] Wu Y, Xiao Y, Chen G, Liu C T, Lu Z. Bulk metallic glass composites with transformation-mediated workhardening and ductility[J]. Advanced Materials, 2010, 22(25):2770.
• [26] Xu G F, Huang S S, Liu L, Huang S X, Ji L F, Liu L, Tang L. Strengthening and toughening mechanisms of high-strength and high-toughness Fe_(15)Co_(30)Cr_(15)Ni_(30)Al_5Ti_5 high-entropy alloy[J]. Materials Research and Application, 2026, 20(2):149.（徐国富， 黄珊珊， 刘亮， 黄少旭， 季霖锋， 刘路， 唐磊. 高强韧Fe_(15)Co_(30)Cr_(15)Ni_(30)Al_5Ti_5高熵合金强韧化机理研究[J]. 材料研究与应用，2026, 20(2):149.）
• [27] Liu Y H, Wang G, Wang R J, Zhao D Q, Pan M X, Wang W H. Super plastic bulk metallic glasses at room temperature[J]. Science, 2007, 315(5817):1385.
• [28] Zhao Y Y, Inoue A, Chang C, Liu J, Shen B, Wang X, Li R W. Composition effect on intrinsic plasticity or brittleness in metallic glasses[J]. Scientific Reports, 2014, 4(1):5733.
• [29] Ketov S V, Sun Y H, Nachum S, Lu Z, Checchi A, Beraldin A R, Bai H Y, Wang W H, Louzguine-Luzgin D V, Carpenter M A, Greer A L. Rejuvenation of metallic glasses by non-affine thermal strain[J]. Nature, 2015, 524(7564):200.
• [30] Wang G, Mattern N, Bedna??í J, Xia L, Zhai Q J, Dong Y D, Eckert J. Deformation induced structural evolution in bulk metallic glasses[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2011, 56(36):3952.
• [31] Perepezko J H, Imhoff S D, Chen M W, Wang J Q, Gonzalez S. Nucleation of shear bands in amorphous alloys[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2014, 111(11):3938.
• [32] Wang J Q, Perepezko J H. Focus: nucleation kinetics of shear bands in metallic glass[J]. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 2016, 145(21):211803.
• [33] Gao M, Kursun C, Perepezko J H. Unraveling structural relaxation induced ductile-to-brittle transition from perspective of shear band nucleation kinetics in metallic glass[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2023, 952:170022.
• [34] Gao M, Perepezko J H. Trimodal shear band-nucleation distribution in a Gdbased metallic glass via nanoindentation[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2021, 801:140402.
• [35] Johnson W L, Samwer K. A universal criterion for plastic yielding of metallic glasses with a （T/T_g）~(2/3) temperature dependence[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2005, 95(19):195501.
• [36] Gao M, Perepezko J H. Mapping the viscoelastic heterogeneity at the nanoscale in metallic glasses by static force spectroscopy[J]. Nano Letters, 2020, 20(10):7558.
• [37] Sun X, Mo G, Zhao L Z, Dai L H, Wu Z H, Jiang M Q. Characterization of nanoscale structural heterogeneity in an amorphous alloy by synchrotron small angle X-ray scattering[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(17):176109.
• [38] Zhu F, Song S X, Reddy K M, Hirata A, Chen M W. Spatial heterogeneity as the structure feature for structureproperty relationship of metallic glasses[J]. Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1):3965.
• [39] Wang Z, Wang W H. Flow unit model in metallic glasses[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(17):176103.
• [40] Wang Z, Wang W H. Flow units as dynamic defects in metallic glassy materials[J]. National Science Review, 2018, 6(2):304.
• [41] Maa?? R, Samwer K, Arnold W, Volkert C A. A single shear band in a metallic glass: local core and wide soft zone[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2014, 105(17):171902.
• [42] Shen L Q, Luo P, Hu Y C, Bai H Y, Sun Y H, Sun B A, Liu Y H, Wang W H. Shear-band affected zone revealed by magnetic domains in a ferromagnetic metallic glass[J]. Nature Communications, 2018, 9(1):4414.
• [43] Zhu F, Zhou J, Huang H, Wen W X, Ye J Y, Yan Z Z. Microstructure of metallic glasses on a mesoscopic scale: spatial heterogeneity in correlating atomic configurations with macroscopic properties[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2025, 74(16):166102.
• [44] Pan Z, Rupert T J. Spatial variation of short-range order in amorphous intergranular complexions[J]. Computational Materials Science, 2017, 131:62.
• [45] Yuan S Y, Liang A Y, Liu C, Tian L, Mousseau N, Branicio P S. Effect of heat treatment paths on the aging and rejuvenation of metallic glasses[J]. Physical Review Materials, 2023, 7(12):123603.
• [46] Zhu Y H, Zhou Y K, Wang A M, Li H, Fu H M, Zhang H W, Zhang H F, Zhu Z W. Atomic-scale icosahedral short-range ordering in a rejuvenated Zr-based bulk metallic glass upon deep cryogenic treatment[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A, 2022, 850:143565.
• [47] Ye J C, Lu J, Liu C T, Wang Q, Yang Y. Atomistic free-volume zones and inelastic deformation of metallic glasses[J]. Nature Materials, 2010, 9(8):619.
• [48] Xu X J, Long Z L, Ping Z H, Yan C P, Chai W. Correlations between plastic deformation capacity and fragility/characteristic free volume in amorphous alloys[J]. Materials Research Express, 2019, 6(1):015201.
• [49] Yu H B, Richert R, Samwer K. Structural rearrangements governing Johari-Goldstein relaxations in metallic glasses[J]. Science Advances, 2017, 3(11):e1701577.
• [50] Yu H B, Wang W H, Bai H Y, Wu Y, Chen M W. Relating activation of shear transformation zones to β relaxations in metallic glasses[J]. Physical Review B, 2010, 81(22):220201.
• [51] Yu H B, Wang W H, Samwer K. The β relaxation in metallic glasses: an overview[J]. Materials Today, 2013, 16(5):183.
• [52] Falk M L, Langer J S. Dynamics of viscoplastic deformation in amorphous solids[J]. Physical Review E, 1998, 57(6):7192.
• [53] Fan Z, Ma E, Falk M L. Predicting the location of shear band initiation in a metallic glass[J]. Physical Review Materials, 2022, 6(6):065602.
• [54] Hassani M, Lagogianni A E, Varnik F. Probing the degree of heterogeneity within a shear band of a model glass[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2019, 123(19):195502.
• [55] Gao Y H, Sun Y Y, Jian M C, Wang Y B, Huang Y, Wang F C, Fu L, Li M C, Kursun C, Zhang Y, Huo J T, Wang J Q, Gao M. Effect of Er-doping on the macroscopic plasticity and shear band nucleation kinetics of CuZr-based metallic glass[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2025, 1022:179828.
• [56] Gheiratand T, Hosseini H R M, Davami P, Ostadhossein F, Song M Gjoka M. On the effect of cooling rate during melt spinning of FINEMET ribbons[J]. Nanoscale, 2013, 5(16):7520.
• [57] Schawe J E K, L??ffler J F. Existence of multiple critical cooling rates which generate different types of monolithic metallic glass[J]. Nature Communications, 2019, 10(1):1337.
• [58] Yi X H, Liu R S, Tian Z A, Hou Z Y, Wang X, Zhou Q Y. Simulation study of effect of cooling rate on evolution of microstructures during solidification of liquid metal Cu[J]. Acta Physica Sinica, 2006, 55(10):5386.
• [59] Zhu F, Nguyen H K, Song S X, Aji D P B, Hirata A, Wang H, Nakajima K, Chen M W. Intrinsic correlation between β-relaxation and spatial heterogeneity in a metallic glass[J]. Nature Communications, 2016, 7:11516.